Copenhagen Summit Essays - Philosophy Of Life, Belief, Axiology

The study of ethics has been part of the human condition for centuries. Ethics, by nature, is a moral and philosophical concept. This concept, ancient in origin, tries to help humans understand the best way in which to live in a group, participate in cultural values, and understand the manner in which the individual interacts with the group. Ethics also helps us make material and conceptual judgments regarding behavior, approach to others, and even approach to group norms (politics, etc.). However, when one looks at the history of any philosophical subject, it is important to note that differing concepts of philosophy often arise ?out of? that very historical and cultural fabric of the time ? and then evolve so that they become more acceptable to future generations rather than contemporaneous ones (MacIntyre, 2006). For western philosophy, the basis for the study of ethics arose in Ancient Greece. Socrates, for example, believed that the pinnacle action of anything that makes one hum an is the ultimate goal of happiness, and virtue (morality) is the manner to reach that. Since all humans intrinsically seek happiness, it must mean, then, that all humans are moral and just, and any evil is nothing more than ignorance. Socrates? student, Plato, took this view and expanded on it by indicating that virtue is not just the absence of ignorance, but in such moral virtues like justice, fortitude, temperance, and harmony. Aristotle, taking both ideas, used his observation of the world to show that it is really only happiness that all humans strive; and everything else is simply a part of that ultimate activity (Cahn and Markie, 2008; Roochnick, 2004).

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Essay scoring can be tricky to figure out. Maybe you've already created target goals for your SAT score, following our guide, so you at least have that score goal set. But where does your essay score fit into all this? What is a good SAT essay score? This article will answer those questions. Note: The information in this article is for the old (pre-March-2016) SAT essay, which was scored out of 12 and part of the Writing section. Scores for the March 2016 SAT were only released May 10th, 2016, which means that data on percentiles and averages aren't going to be available for a while yet. We'll update this article as soon as the information comes out. feature image credit: Doing Great by Eli Christman, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What Is the SAT Essay Out Of? Before you can know what a good SAT essay score is, you need to know how many points you can get total on the essay. So what's the SAT essay out of? Currently, the SAT essay is scored on a scale of 1 to 6 by two graders, for a total essay score out of 12. Your essay is scored holistically, which means you don’t get bumped down to a certain essay grade if you make, for instance, a certain number of comma errors. Instead, SAT essay scorers use the SAT essay rubric to grade your essay as a whole. Note: SAT essay scoring will change beginning with the March 2016 SAT. For more information on that change, read our other articles on the new SAT essay prompts and the new SAT essay. What Is a Good SAT Essay Score? As with most things on the SAT, a good essay score depends on what your goals are. These goals should be concrete and determined by the colleges you’re applying to - after all, if your reach schools have an average essay score of 9, then there's no need to burn yourself out trying to get that elusive 12. To some extent, your essay score goal will also be influenced by your performance on the multiple choice section of SAT Writing. If you do better on multiple-choice questions, you may be able to cut yourself some slack in the essay department. But how do figure out what your SAT Writing (and SAT essay) goals should be? Use our three-step process, explained below. Step 1: Know Your Target SAT Writing Score If you’ve read our free ebook on calculating your target SAT score, you may already have figured out your target SAT Writing score. If not, it's time to calculate it! I'll walk through the process using the example of Virginia Commonwealth Unversity. First, download this worksheet. It's designed for calculating your target SAT score out of 2400, so you'll have to modify it a little bit. Fill in the schools you want to apply to in the leftmost column. Here's what the worksheet will look like for Virginia Commonwealth University: Next, google "[name of school] average SAT writing" to get the middle 50% of all SAT Writing scores. For instance, if you're interested in Virginia Commonwealth University, you'd do the following search: There'll usually be a collegeapps.about.com link that has this information. Sometimes (as you can see above) the college website will also pop up, so you can use that to double-check your numbers. You're looking for the 25th and 75th percentile scores on the SAT Writing section. A quick refresher on what "percentile scores" mean: 25th percentile means that 25% of the students attending have a score at or below that number (below average). The 75th percentile means that 75% of students have a score at or below that number (above average). In essence, the 25th/75th percentile score range covers the middle 50% of all students admitted to Virginia Commonwealth University. If the sites don’t list a specific SAT Writing score range, you can divide the top and bottom of the overall SAT score range by 3 to get a general idea of what your Writing score needs to be. In this case, there is information about the SAT Writing score range, so we can fill that in on the worksheet: Do the same for all of the schools you want to apply to. Include dream or â€Å"reach† schools, but don’t include â€Å"safety schools† (schools you think you have at least a 90% chance of getting into). Once you've filled in the information for all of the schools you want to apply to, average the 25th percentile and 75th percentile columns, then choose a target SAT Writing score with that information. As it says on the worksheet, we recommend that you take the 75th percentile score as your target SAT Writing score. It'll give you a very strong chance of getting into the schools you’ve listed. If you’re applying to humanities programs, you may even want to consider a higher score target for SAT Writing. Step 2: Find an Official SAT Writing Score Chart The next step is to take a look at an SAT Writing score chart to find out the range of essay scores that will get you your target SAT Writing score. The chart will differ in precise score differences from test to test, but it can at least give you a broad idea of the range. Let's say that your target SAT Writing score is 576 (rounded up to 580). I've highlighted this in green in the following SAT Writing score chart (from an official SAT practice test): Writing MC Raw Score Essay Raw Score 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 49 800 800 800 800 790 760 750 730 720 710 690 680 48 800 800 780 770 750 720 710 690 680 670 650 640 47 790 770 760 740 720 700 680 660 650 640 630 620 46 770 750 740 720 700 680 660 650 630 620 610 600 45 750 740 720 710 690 660 650 630 620 610 590 580 44 740 730 710 690 670 650 630 620 600 590 580 570 43 730 710 700 680 660 640 620 600 590 580 560 550 42 720 700 680 670 650 630 610 590 580 570 550 540 41 700 690 670 660 640 610 600 580 570 560 540 530 40 690 680 660 650 630 600 590 570 560 550 530 520 39 690 670 650 640 620 590 580 560 550 540 520 510 38 680 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 540 530 510 500 37 670 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 520 500 490 36 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 490 35 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 510 500 490 480 34 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 480 470 33 630 620 600 590 570 540 530 510 500 490 470 460 32 630 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 31 620 600 590 570 550 530 510 500 480 470 460 450 30 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 440 29 610 590 570 560 540 520 500 480 470 460 440 430 28 600 580 570 550 530 510 490 470 460 450 430 420 27 590 580 560 540 520 500 480 470 450 440 430 420 26 580 570 550 540 510 490 480 460 450 440 420 410 25 580 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 24 570 550 540 520 500 480 460 450 430 420 410 400 23 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 390 22 560 540 520 510 490 470 450 430 420 410 390 380 21 550 530 520 500 480 460 440 420 410 400 380 380 20 540 530 510 490 470 450 430 420 400 390 380 370 19 530 520 500 490 470 440 430 410 400 390 370 360 18 530 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 17 520 500 490 470 450 430 410 400 380 370 360 350 16 510 500 480 470 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 340 15 510 490 470 460 440 420 400 380 370 360 340 330 14 500 480 470 450 430 410 390 370 360 350 330 330 13 490 480 460 440 420 400 380 370 350 340 330 320 12 480 470 450 440 410 390 380 360 350 340 320 310 11 480 460 440 430 410 390 370 350 340 330 310 300 10 470 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 300 9 460 450 430 410 390 370 350 340 320 310 300 290 8 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 290 280 7 440 430 410 400 380 350 340 320 310 300 280 270 6 440 420 400 390 370 350 330 310 300 290 270 260 5 430 410 390 380 360 340 320 300 290 280 260 250 4 420 400 380 370 350 330 310 290 280 270 250 240 3 410 390 370 360 340 320 300 280 270 260 240 230 2 390 380 360 350 320 300 290 270 260 250 230 220 1 380 370 350 330 310 290 270 260 240 230 220 210 0 370 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 220 200 200 -1 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 210 200 200 200 -2 340 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 -3 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 200 -4 and below 310 300 280 260 240 220 200 200 200 200 200 200 As you can see in the chart above, there are theoretically over ten ways to get a 580 on SAT Writing, with anywhere from a 25-46 multiple-choice raw score and a 0-12 essay score. But is it really realistic to expect to score a 12 on the SAT essay if your multiple-choice raw score is only a 25? Probably not. In 2015, the average SAT Writing score was a 484, and the average SAT essay score was a 7 (data from the CollegeBoard; for more on this, read our upcoming article on average SAT Writing scores). Based on this information (and on an official practice SAT Writing score chart), we've created a table of realistic essay scores you can expect to achieve if you're scoring in a certain range: SAT Writing Score Range Realistic Essay Score 200-340 4 or below 340-440 5 440-540 6 540-640 7 640-740 8 740-800 9 or above So while you can get a 580 on SAT Writing with an essay score from 0-12, you're more likely to do so if you can score a 7 or above on the essay. Step Three: Take a Timed SAT Writing Section and Score It The final step is to see what your multiple choice score is now so that you know how much prep time you'll have to put in. To do this, you'll need to take a timed SAT Writing section and calculate your multiple-choice raw score. The best way to get a realistic idea of what your raw multiple-choice Writing score is would be to take a full-length practice test (because it’ll give you an idea of how tired you get from the other sections and how you deal with switching back and forth). If you don't have the time to do this, just take the Writing sections from an official SAT practice test, adhering to the time limits. How do you calculate your multiple-choice raw Writing score? Use the following equation: Your raw score = (# of questions you got right - # of questions you got wrong x 0.25) For example, if you answered 34 (out of49) questions right, skipped 7, and got 8 questions wrong, your raw score would be: 34 – (8 x .25) = 34 – 2 = 32 With a raw score of 32, you can get anything from a 450 to a 630 on SAT Writing, depending on your essay score. If you stay at the same multiple-choice raw score, you'll need an essay score of 9 or above to make your target Writing score of 580. This is a tough essay score to get for anyone, especially considering the average essay score for 2015 was a 7. As you increase your multiple-choice raw score, the essay score needed to get your target score will drop. To use the example from before, if you're aiming for an SAT Writing score of 580, a realistic essay score would be a 7; according to the SAT Writing score chart above, this means you'll need to increase your raw multiple-choice score to a 37 (a far more manageable goal for most students than raising their essay scores to a 9). Actions To Take Figure out your target SAT Writing score, using the worksheet above. Use an SAT Writing scoring scale to figure out the essay grade you’ll need to shoot for to make your target SAT Writing score. Figure out how you’re doing on the Writing multiple choice questions and how much you need to improve (both on the multiple-choice questions and on the essay) to meet your SAT Writing score goal. What’s Next? Get the inside scoop on what really goes on behind the scenes with our strategies based on interviews with real essay graders. Can you write a high-scoring SAT essay in less than a page? Discover how essay length affects your score in this article. Still confused about how the SAT essay is scored? Try our article that explains the official SAT essay scoring policy and what strategies you should use to take advantage of it. Curious about how well everyone does on the SAT essay? Read our article to find out what’s an average SAT essay score. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this SAT Essay lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your SAT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: